A Level Biology Practice Exam

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During which process do ribosomes read messenger RNA?

Transcription
Replication
Translation
Translocation

The correct answer is: Translation

Ribosomes are essential cellular structures that function in the synthesis of proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA). During the process of translation, ribosomes read the sequence of the mRNA, which is a blueprint for building proteins. The ribosomes facilitate the decoding of the mRNA by matching it with the appropriate transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules that carry specific amino acids. This sequence of amino acids is then linked together to form a polypeptide chain, eventually folding into a functional protein. Transcription, on the other hand, is the process by which the DNA sequence is copied to produce mRNA. Replication involves the duplication of DNA to ensure that genetic information is passed on during cell division. Translocation is typically associated with the movement of tRNA within the ribosome during the translation process itself, but it does not refer to the reading of mRNA by ribosomes. Therefore, the process where ribosomes read mRNA and assemble it into proteins is accurately defined as translation.