A Level Biology Practice Exam

How do xerophytes adapt to dry environments?

1. By increasing water loss through transpiration

2. By developing deeper root systems and waxy leaves

3. By growing larger leaf surfaces

4. By requiring more soil moisture

The correct answer is: By developing deeper root systems and waxy leaves

Xerophytes are specially adapted to survive in dry environments, and they exhibit several key adaptations that help them reduce water loss and maximize water uptake. One primary adaptation involves the development of deeper root systems, allowing them to access moisture that is located deeper underground. This is crucial in arid environments where surface water is scarce. Additionally, xerophytes often have waxy leaves or thick cuticles that minimize water loss through transpiration. The waxy coating serves as a barrier to water evaporation, effectively retaining moisture within the plant. This combination of deep roots and protective leaf structures is essential for their survival in habitats characterized by limited water availability, enabling them to thrive where other plants may struggle. In contrast, the other choices would not provide effective strategies for adaptation to a dry environment. Increasing water loss through transpiration, growing larger leaf surfaces, or requiring more soil moisture would all be detrimental to xerophytes in their natural habitats, where conserving water is vital for their survival.