A Level Biology Practice Exam

What are agglutinins primarily responsible for?

1. Breaking down pathogens

2. Causing pathogens to clump together

3. Enhancing metabolic reactions

4. Producing energy

The correct answer is: Causing pathogens to clump together

Agglutinins are primarily responsible for causing pathogens to clump together, a process known as agglutination. This is an important part of the immune response, as it allows the immune system to effectively target and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. When agglutinins bind to antigens present on the surface of pathogens, they facilitate the formation of larger complexes that can be more easily recognized and engulfed by phagocytes, such as macrophages. This clumping also hinders the movement of pathogens, making it easier for the immune system to eliminate them. The other options do not accurately describe the role of agglutinins. They do not break down pathogens, nor do they enhance metabolic reactions or produce energy. Instead, their function is specifically related to the clustering of pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in the body’s defense mechanisms.