A Level Biology Practice Exam

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What are anti-toxins?

  1. Chemicals that enhance bacterial growth

  2. Antibodies that neutralize the effects of toxins

  3. Viruses that attack bacteria

  4. Pathogens that cause disease

The correct answer is: Antibodies that neutralize the effects of toxins

Anti-toxins are antibodies that specifically neutralize the effects of toxins produced by pathogens, such as bacteria. When an individual is exposed to a toxin, their immune system can generate anti-toxins to bind to the toxin molecules, effectively inhibiting their harmful effects. This is a crucial defensive mechanism that protects the body from damage caused by these toxic substances. The immune response often involves the production of these antibodies in response to an infection, allowing for the neutralization of harmful agents and facilitating recovery. Anti-toxins can also be introduced therapeutically to provide immediate protection in cases of toxin exposure, highlighting their importance in both natural immunity and medical treatment.

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