A Level Biology Practice Exam

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What are random errors in data measurement?

  1. Consistent errors that occur in every measurement

  2. Statistical fluctuations caused by precision limitations

  3. Systematic errors that skew data significantly

  4. Errors due to human mistakes in recording data

The correct answer is: Statistical fluctuations caused by precision limitations

Random errors in data measurement are indeed statistical fluctuations that arise due to the inherent limitations of precision in measurement tools and techniques. These errors can be described as unpredictable variations that occur when repeated measurements are made under the same conditions. For instance, slight changes in environmental factors, measurement instrument readings, or even minute differences in how a measurement is taken can lead to variations in the recorded data. Random errors differ from systematic errors, which are consistent and can lead to data being skewed in a specific direction. Random errors, by their nature, tend to average out over a large number of measurements, providing a more accurate estimate of the true value when statistical methods are applied.

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