A Level Biology Practice Exam

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What are sister chromatids?

Two identical chromatids produced after chromosome replication
Chromatids that have different genetic material
A pair of homologous chromosomes
Segments of DNA that are not replicated

The correct answer is: Two identical chromatids produced after chromosome replication

Sister chromatids are indeed defined as two identical chromatids produced after the replication of a chromosome during the S phase of the cell cycle. When a cell prepares to divide, it duplicates its chromosomes so that each new cell will have an identical set of genetic information. Each chromosome after replication consists of two identical halves, called sister chromatids, that are connected by a structure known as a centromere. This means that when the cell undergoes mitosis or meiosis, the sister chromatids will eventually separate into different daughter cells, ensuring that each new cell receives an exact copy of the chromosomes. This process is crucial for maintaining genetic continuity between generations of cells. The identity and similarity of sister chromatids are vital for proper cell division and the preservation of genetic information.