A Level Biology Practice Exam

What does the founder effect lead to?

1. Increased genetic mutation rates

2. Certain alleles becoming rarer than before

3. A loss in genetic variation among descendants

4. Enhanced survival of all genetic traits

The correct answer is: A loss in genetic variation among descendants

The founder effect refers to a scenario where a new population is established by a small group of individuals from a larger population. This small group may not carry all the genetic diversity present in the original population, leading to a reduced genetic variation in the new population. Over time, as this small group reproduces, the limited genetic diversity can result in a loss of alleles and an overall decrease in variability among descendants. In contrast, while genetic mutation rates might change due to bottleneck effects or other factors, they aren't directly increased by the founder effect. Similarly, certain alleles may become rarer, but the primary impact of the founder effect is the reduction of genetic diversity. The idea that all genetic traits have enhanced survival does not apply here, as some traits may become less viable due to this loss of diversity.