A Level Biology Practice Exam

What does the presence of a waxy cuticle prevent on plant surfaces?

1. Excessive photosynthesis

2. Water collection, which can host pathogens

3. Evaporation of all moisture from the leaves

4. Freezing in cold climates

The correct answer is: Water collection, which can host pathogens

The presence of a waxy cuticle on plant surfaces primarily serves to prevent water loss through evaporation and to protect the plant from environmental stressors. The cuticle is a thin layer of waxy substance that covers the epidermis of leaves and stems, acting as a barrier to excessive moisture loss while simultaneously preventing water collection that could lead to the development of pathogens, such as fungi and bacteria, which thrive in damp conditions. This waxy layer enhances the plant's ability to retain water while helping to maintain overall hydration, which is essential for photosynthesis and other physiological processes. The presence of water on leaves can create an environment conducive to infections and disease, thus the cuticle's role in minimizing stagnant water is crucial for plant health. While some answers touch on related aspects, the focus on pathogen prevention through restriction of water pooling specifically addresses the primary function of the cuticle in this context. The cuticle does not prevent all moisture loss (as some is necessary for transpiration), nor does it directly influence photosynthesis or prevent cold damage. Its principal role centers on moisture regulation and protecting against potential pathogen threats.