A Level Biology Practice Exam

What does the process of transcription involve?

1. Distribution of proteins to various parts of the cell

2. Copying sections of DNA to produce mRNA

3. Decoding mRNA sequences into proteins

4. Transporting proteins out of the nucleus

The correct answer is: Copying sections of DNA to produce mRNA

The process of transcription specifically involves copying a section of DNA to produce messenger RNA (mRNA). During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of the DNA called the promoter and unwinds the DNA strands. It then synthesizes a complementary RNA strand by pairing RNA nucleotides with the DNA template strand. This newly formed mRNA strand carries the genetic information needed for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it can be translated into proteins. The other options relate to processes distinct from transcription. For example, distributing proteins refers to post-translational modifications and cellular transport, which occur after the creation of proteins. Decoding mRNA sequences into proteins pertains to the process of translation, which follows transcription. Transporting proteins out of the nucleus involves different mechanisms, primarily concerning protein trafficking rather than the transcription process itself. The key focus of transcription is that it creates the mRNA that is crucial for initiating protein synthesis.