A Level Biology Practice Exam

What does the transpiration stream describe?

1. The movement of nutrients in the soil

2. Movement of water from roots to leaves

3. Flow of carbon dioxide into the plant

4. Exchange of gases in the stomata

The correct answer is: Movement of water from roots to leaves

The transpiration stream specifically refers to the movement of water from the roots of a plant, through the stem (or trunk), and ultimately to the leaves where it is released into the atmosphere as water vapor. This process is critical for maintaining the plant's internal water balance and is driven by the process of transpiration, which is the evaporation of water from the stomata on the leaves. As water evaporates from the leaf surface, it creates a negative pressure that pulls more water up from the roots through the xylem vessels. This not only assists in the transportation of essential nutrients dissolved in the water but also helps to regulate temperature and provides structural support to the plant. The transpiration stream is essential for photosynthesis, as it helps maintain turgor pressure in cells, allowing plants to remain rigid and robust. In contrast, the movement of nutrients in the soil (first option) does not specifically relate to the process described by the transpiration stream. The flow of carbon dioxide into the plant (third option) and the exchange of gases in the stomata (fourth option) refer to physiological processes related to gas exchange rather than the movement of water through the plant's vascular system.