A Level Biology Practice Exam

What is a key characteristic of specialised cells?

1. They can perform all functions of life

2. They have a unique structure for specific functions

3. They can only perform a single task

4. They are not involved in metabolism

The correct answer is: They have a unique structure for specific functions

Specialised cells possess a unique structure tailored to perform specific functions. This specialization allows them to effectively execute particular roles in the organism, such as transporting oxygen (in red blood cells) or conducting nerve impulses (in neurons). The distinct adaptations in their cell structure—such as shape, size, and the presence of unique organelles—enable these cells to efficiently carry out their designated tasks within the larger context of the organism's life processes. The ability to perform all functions of life (as mentioned in one of the options) is characteristic of unspecialised cells or single-celled organisms, rather than specialised cells. While it is true that some specialised cells focus on singular tasks, it is the specialized features of their structure that fundamentally allow them to fulfill these roles effectively. Furthermore, all cells, including specialised ones, are involved in metabolic processes, albeit in focused capacities. Thus, the defining aspect of specialized cells is their unique structure that supports their specific functions.