A Level Biology Practice Exam

What is the key characteristic of random sampling?

1. It focuses on only those individuals that are most likely to participate

2. It involves limited selection from the population

3. It ensures equal likelihood of selection for each individual in the population

4. It allows researchers to pick individuals that are easiest to reach

The correct answer is: It ensures equal likelihood of selection for each individual in the population

The key characteristic of random sampling is that it ensures equal likelihood of selection for each individual in the population. This method minimizes bias by giving every member of the population an equal chance of being chosen, which enhances the representativeness of the sample. When each individual has the same probability of selection, it allows for more reliable and valid insights into the entire population based on the sample data. This fundamental principle is crucial in research, as it leads to generalizable results and supports statistical analyses.