A Level Biology Practice Exam

What is the main outcome of divergent evolution?

1. species become more alike over time

2. species remain unchanged over time

3. species diverge into new species

4. species completely merge into one

The correct answer is: species diverge into new species

Divergent evolution refers to the process by which two or more related species become more dissimilar over time, often due to adapting to different environments or ecological niches. This leads to the formation of new species from a common ancestor, demonstrating how variations can arise as populations experience different selective pressures. When a population of organisms becomes isolated, whether geographically or ecologically, different traits may become advantageous in each environment. Over generations, these adaptations can lead to significant changes that ultimately result in the emergence of new species that are well-suited to their specific environments. This divergence can be observed in many examples, such as the adaptive radiation of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos Islands, where they evolved different beak shapes to exploit various food sources. In contrast to the other options, the process does not involve species becoming more alike, remaining unchanged, or merging into one species. Instead, it emphasizes the distinction and specialization that occur as species evolve away from a common ancestor.