A Level Biology Practice Exam

What is the primary function of ribonucleic acid (RNA)?

1. It stores genetic information for cell reproduction

2. It is involved in copying and transferring genetic information from DNA

3. It serves as a building block for proteins only

4. It prevents the loss of genetic material during cell division

The correct answer is: It is involved in copying and transferring genetic information from DNA

The primary function of ribonucleic acid (RNA) is indeed its role in copying and transferring genetic information from DNA. RNA serves as a crucial intermediary in the process of gene expression. During the transcription process, RNA polymerase synthesizes messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template. This mRNA then carries the genetic information needed for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the ribosomes, where translation occurs to create proteins based on that genetic code. The other options do not accurately represent the primary role of RNA. While it is true that RNA plays roles in protein synthesis, stating that it exclusively serves as a building block for proteins overlooks its diverse functions, such as regulating gene expression and catalyzing biological reactions. Additionally, RNA does not store genetic information in the same stable manner as DNA, nor does it prevent the loss of genetic material during cell division. These functions are primarily associated with DNA and various checkpoints or mechanisms that ensure genetic material is accurately replicated and distributed during cell division.