A Level Biology Practice Exam

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What is the role of T regulator cells in the immune system?

To activate B lymphocytes
To promote inflammation
To suppress and control the immune response
To directly attack pathogens

The correct answer is: To suppress and control the immune response

T regulator cells, also known as regulatory T cells (Tregs), play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis and tolerance. Their primary function is to suppress and control the immune response to prevent autoimmune diseases and excessive immune reactions. By doing so, they help to regulate the activation and proliferation of other immune cells, ensuring that the immune system responds appropriately to pathogens while minimizing damage to the body's own tissues. Tregs achieve their suppressive function through several mechanisms, including the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-beta, which inhibit the activity of other immune cells. They can also directly interact with effector T cells and dendritic cells to dampen immune responses. This regulatory function is essential for preventing overzealous immune reactions that can lead to conditions such as allergies and autoimmune disorders. Overall, the role of T regulator cells is vital in ensuring a balanced immune response, allowing the immune system to effectively fight infections while avoiding unnecessary damage to the host.