A Level Biology Practice Exam

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What is the role of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in cells?

Energy production
Storage of genetic information
Cellular transport
Protein synthesis regulation

The correct answer is: Storage of genetic information

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) serves a critical function in cells as the primary repository of genetic information. It encodes the instructions necessary for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. DNA carries the sequences of nucleotides that determine the traits of an organism by directing the synthesis of proteins, which carry out the majority of cellular functions. This information guides the processes of transcription and translation, allowing the cell to produce specific proteins based on the genetic code. The accurate storage and replication of this genetic material are essential for cell division and the transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next. Thus, the central role of DNA in storing genetic information is fundamental to biology, providing the blueprint for all cellular activities.