A Level Biology Practice Exam

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Which of the following components contributes to the total lung capacity?

  1. inspiratory reserve volume

  2. vital capacity only

  3. vital capacity and tidal volume

  4. vital capacity and residual volume

The correct answer is: vital capacity and residual volume

The total lung capacity (TLC) is defined as the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold. This includes several different components. Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a deep inhalation and is made up of tidal volume (the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing), inspiratory reserve volume (the extra air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation), and expiratory reserve volume (the air that can still be exhaled after a normal exhalation). However, total lung capacity also includes residual volume, which is the air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation and cannot be expelled. Thus, when considering what contributes to total lung capacity, both vital capacity and residual volume are essential components, making them correctly associated with total lung capacity.

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