A Level Biology Practice Exam

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Which statement correctly describes the composition of sucrose?

It consists of two glucose molecules
It is made of one fructose and one glucose molecule
It is a monosaccharide
It contains only fructose

The correct answer is: It is made of one fructose and one glucose molecule

Sucrose is a disaccharide, which means it is made up of two monosaccharides. Specifically, it consists of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule joined together by a glycosidic bond. This particular structure is important because it gives sucrose its characteristic sweetness and plays a significant role in energy metabolism in living organisms. The correct statement highlights this specific composition, distinguishing sucrose from other carbohydrates. The other choices do not accurately describe sucrose. For example, stating that sucrose consists of two glucose molecules is incorrect as it does not account for the presence of fructose. Similarly, saying that sucrose is a monosaccharide mischaracterizes it since monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, whereas sucrose is formed by the combination of two simpler sugars. Lastly, the option that states sucrose contains only fructose is inaccurate because it overlooks the presence of glucose, which is essential to the correct understanding of sucrose's molecular structure.